![]() ![]() No engineering documents or architectural plans have been found that give technical explanations demonstrating how the ancient Egyptians aligned any of their temples or pyramids," Dash wrote in the article. "The Egyptians, unfortunately, left us few clues. The ancient Egyptians left no surviving records that say which methods they used. Experiments conducted over the past few decades suggest that several methods that make use of the sun or stars could also have been used to align the pyramids, Dash said. However, whether the ancient Egyptians used this technique is unknown. The recent experiment shows that the fall equinox could have been used to align the three pyramids, Dash said. Did the ancient Egyptians actually use it? The Egyptians could have determined the day of the fall equinox by counting forward 91 days after the summer solstice, Dash said. The rod could have been placed on a wooden platform or the ground at Giza, Dash said. An occasional cloud would not be a problem," Dash told Live Science. For the technique to work, the ancient Egyptians (or any surveyor) would ideally need a "clear sunny day, like most of the days at Giza. Though the experiment was conducted in Connecticut, the technique should also work at Giza, Dash said. The tilt of Earth on the fall equinox allows the shadow to run in this east-west direction, Dash wrote. The degree of error is slightly counterclockwise, similar to the error found in the Great Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid and Red Pyramid, Dash found. "On the equinox, the surveyor will find that the tip of the shadow runs in a straight line and nearly perfectly east-west," Dash wrote. The resut was a line running almost perfectly east-west. Together, they form an important Cartesian reference system for maintaining the proper direction and location of the different places on earth.On the day of the fall equinox, a surveyor placed a rod into the ground and tracked its shadow throughout the day. What are the cardinal points for?Ĭardinal points help us locate places either on a map or on the earth’s surface. This division produces four angles of ninety degrees that at the same time are divided by the bisectors, generating the following cardinal points: Northwest, Southwest, Northeast and Southeast. It is important to mention that, on the abscissa axis of a system of geographical coordinates, the ordinate axis would be described by north and south lines. The name comes from the ancient Germanic “west”, related to the meaning of afternoon. It is the place where the sun is hidden, as it is generally known. ![]() West: It also receives the name of occident.The word comes from the Germanic proto “austra”. It is linked to the point on the horizon where the sun rises and one of its names comes from there. The word austral comes from the austral term that indicated this cardinal point. The word south comes from a Germanic lexicon type “sūð” and its meaning is south. It is located in opposition to the north and is the direction clockwise from the east at 90° of a meridian. It indicates the direction of the South Pole on a meridian line. South: also known as meridian, south or austral.In the maps, we can locate it in the upper part. This word is widely used in geography to also refer to the Greater Bear star, North Pole and a type of wind that comes from the north. The word septentrione, as it is also known, comes from the Latin word septentrĭo which means seven and trio, and the word -ōnis which means ox. The word North derives from the word norð, from the ancient Gothic. This is the cardinal point that indicates the direction to the North Pole on the meridian lines. North: is also known as septentrion or boreal. ![]()
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